In addition to the newer GLP-1 drugs on the market, the study evaluated clinical trials on various weight-loss drugs, including older-generation GLP-1 medications and those outside of the class, such as orlistat and the combination of phentermine and topiramate
Patients who are also suffering from gastrointestinal disorders, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), Celiac or Crohns may not be absorbing Vitamin B12 optimally due to an underlying inflammatory load and unfavourable microbiome
However, a secondary analysis showed a 31% reduction [HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.550.87)] in the risk of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) very-high-risk CKD, an effect only partly attributable to reductions in body weight, HbA1c and SBP [25]
How to protect muscle during weight loss, how to support training performance while in a deficit, and how to build habits that make your results sustainable over time
Cirulli et al